"Abang tahu mak takde duit" - Kisah Pengorbanan Ramaja Ni Boleh Buat Anda Menangis
Sumber : Lobakmerah
Personal Injury Blog
In recent years, the concept of moral injury has emerged to describe a cluster of symptoms — similar to those associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) — that result from personal experiences, which violate a person’s deepest and most closely held values and principles. In 2014, I was invited to write an article for the journal Ethics and Armed Forces that compared moral injury with PTSD.[1] The article was in response to popular press reports of PTSD-like symptoms in pilots of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are similar in prevalence to PTSD rates among military personnel involved in direct combat.
Pilots of UAVs are often based halfway around the world from where the drone they are flying is engaging a target and the death and destruction that result from destroying a target is therefore something of an abstraction for the UAV pilot. This is in sharp contrast to ground soldiers, who directly sense (hear, see, smell) the impact of their own actions. I suggested that moral injury is more associated with an existential crisis, stemming from the violation of values pertaining to the sanctity of life, than with trauma. Moral injury, from this perspective, involves a more abstract cause than PTSD, which is thought to occur after direct contact with a traumatic event.
The infantry soldier directly sees the impact of his or her actions, available through all of the sense organs. The UAV pilot knows their actions have caused loss of life, but the nexus between their own actions and consequences are less direct. It is interesting that these two quite different scenarios are impactful to the point of producing similar stress reactions. Whether moral injury is something different from PTSD has not been resolved, but if they are different, then different strategies may be needed to prevent and to treat moral injury and PTSD.
